Protect Your Smile: Understanding and Preventing Gingivitis

by Dr. Nick Wentworth

Have you ever experienced red, swollen or bleeding gums? These symptoms are signs of gingivitis, an early stage and common form of gum disease caused by plaque buildup on your teeth. It is also considered the first stage of periodontal disease, because if left untreated, it can progress to a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis, which can lead to bone loss and even tooth loss.

The good news is that gingivitis is reversible with improved oral hygiene practices like brushing and flossing, along with professional dental cleanings. Let’s explore the underlying causes and risk factors that contribute to gum disease, and how your dentist can help.

Poor Oral Health

While there can be various reasons for gum disease, one of the main reasons is poor oral hygiene. Lack of proper brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup along and below the gum line and teeth. Bacteria present in plaque causes inflammation, which can lead to gum disease.

Smoking

Smoking is a significant risk factor that contributes to gum disease. It weakens the body's immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infection. Additionally, smoking constricts the blood vessels, reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the gums, leading to gingivitis. Moreover, smoking also increases the buildup of plaque and tartar, making it difficult to remove, even with regular brushing and flossing.

Genetics

Genetics plays a crucial role in determining the health of your gums. At times, gum disease can run in families, which puts some individuals at higher risk than others. If you have a particular gene, you may be more susceptible to gum disease, including gingivitis.

Plaque

Plaque is the primary cause of gum disease. Plaque buildup can lead to gum inflammation, which, if left untreated, can lead to gingivitis. Unlike cavities, gingivitis is often painless and may go unnoticed until it progresses into advanced gum disease or periodontitis. Regular dental checkups can help catch plaque and gingivitis early on, before it progresses, making treatment easier.

What Your Dentist Can Do

Gingivitis can lead to dental infections and tooth loss, as well as receding gum lines and pain in the mouth. Your dentist may recommend periodontal cleanings, which are more intensive dental cleanings, to help remove the bacteria and plaque from your mouth. You may also hear these procedures called “deep cleanings” or “scaling and root planning”. Regular periodontal cleanings, along with prescription mouthwash and even antibiotics, can help you beat gingivitis. 

Remember that good oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits are key to dental health. If you suspect that you have gum disease or are experiencing any pain or discomfort, contact your dentist immediately, and get checked out. Prevention is the best practices, and taking care of your teeth and gums starts with a good daily routine at home.